Questions to self-check
understanding of individual topics
Petr Grygárek
petr.grygarek@vsb.cz
1.
- List basic ICMP messages and describe real scenerios, when every
single mesage is generated.
- Create IP addressing plan for WAN using Variable Lenght Subnet
Mask
(VLSM)
- Provide examples of usage of Option field of IP packet header.
- Describe fields in IP header used in connection with
fragmentation and how they are used..
- Explain IP address summarization. What it can be useful for ?
- Explain the function of Proxy ARP. When it can be useful ?
2.
- Describe meaning IPv6 packet header of fields.
- Describe the principle of IPv6 header chainging. What advantages
it brings ?
- Describe the structure of IPv6 address. How do we write IPv6
addresses (including abbreviated form) ?
- Describe the meaning of 'anycast' transmission.
- Explain the mechanism used in IPv6 instead of legacy ARP. How are
IPv6 addresses incorporated into DNS ?
3.
- Explain the meaning of individual fields of TCP segment header.
Which parameters uniquely identify connection of two communicating
processes ?
- Explain how can sender detect a TCP segment loss and how it wil
react.
- Explain the principle and purpose of Nagle algorithm and
mechanism of delayed acknowledment
- Describe the process of establishing and closing of TCP
connection.
- Describe the flow-control mechanism used to control sender
transmission based on receiver buffer's remaining capacity.
- Describe the principle of slow start of the TCP connection. When
the slow start takes action ? What is it's purpose ?
- Describe the principle TCP uses to avoid congestion.
4.
- List criteria used to classify routing protocols. Explain the
difference between interior and exterior routing protocols.
- Explain basic principles of distance-vector routing protocols.
Which information is passed, between which routers, how often ? How the
router builds it's routing table based on incoming routing information
? Which timers are used in distance-vector protocols operation ?
- Describe the problem of counting-to-infinity and Split Horizon,
Poisson Reverse and Route Poissoning techniques.
- Why do distance-vector protocols use holddown timer ? How it
works and what negative impact it has on network convergence ?
- Describe basic characteristics of RIP version 1 and 2 and
specify restrictions for their usage.
5.
- Describe the steps of link-state routing protocol operation taken
to build-up topology database and routing table of every router.
- Why link-state protocols commonly use the principle of
hierarchical routing ? What are it's advantages and disadvantages ? How
can it be implemented in OSPF using areas ? How we call routers inside
area, on the area boundary or on the autonomous system boundary in OSPF
? Why it is useful to have hierarchical IP addressing plan
corresponding to the area structure ?
- How OSPF checks for neighbor router failure and which action are
taken when a failure is detected ?
- Why OSPF uses designated
router and what is it's function ? What will happen if designated
router fails ?
- Which OSPF area types do you know ? Why there are various area
types ? Which LSA types are propagated in individual area types ? Which
routes will routers of various area types have in their topology
databases and routing tables ?
6.
- Compare link-state and distance-vector routing protocols based of
the following properties:
- convergence time
- network links load
- maximum diameter of usable network topology graph
- completeness of network topology knowledge of individual routers
- List possibilities how to influence route selection in the
network..
- Whatt metrics are used common routing protocols ? What is a
limitation of every metric type ? What does "composite metric" mean ?
- What kinds of load balancing do you know ? Which routing
protocols support load balancing of every kind ?
- Which reasons may lead to usage of multiple routing protocols in
a single network ? How router handles routes learned from multiple
routing protocols simultaneously ?
- Explain the principle of route redistribution. Why do we use
redistribution ? Which problems can we enconter when using
redistribution ?
- What is the principle of floating static route ? How we can use
it ?
- How we can propagate default route using routing protocol ? In
what scenerio it can be useful ?
- What is a difference of route filtering in distance-vector and
link-state routing protocols ?
- Describe principle of route summarization. What is advantage of
summarization ? Where summarization takes place ? What are conditions
to summarize address range ?
- What is a principle of policy routing ? What it can be used for ?
7,8
- Describe the term "autonomous system". Why is Internet divided
into autonomous systems ?
- Describe the principle of hierarchical routing and function of
interior and exterior routing protocols in hierarchical routing.
- List types of autonomous systems and difference in their
properties.
- Where can we find BGP protocol ? What transport layer protocol
does it use ? What information are transferred in BGP protocol ?
- Describe the principle of passing routes and route selection
based on "path vector" algorithm used in BGP.
- How the administrator can influence route selection in BGP
based on prefix filtering and attribute manipulation ?
- What are possibilities of attribute value setting and
manipulation in BGP ? How we can influence route selection by
attributes ?
Describe the difference between internal and external BGP. What
are
rules for IBGP session topology and what is a reason for it ?
- How we can classify BGP attributes ?
- Describe the purpose of BGP table (BGP database) and basic
principles how routes for routing table are selected from BGP database.
- Describe the problem of synchronization of BGP routes with
interior routing protocol in transit autonomous system.
- Describe usage of AS-PATH, NEXT-HOP, LOCAL-PREFERENCE,
and MULTI-EXIT-DISCRIMINATOR attributes.
9.
- List parameters of data transmission which determine the Quality
of Service provided by network. What can influence values of these
parameters ?
- Describe the difference between Differentiated Services and
Integrated Services QoS models. What are their advantages and
disadvantages ?
- Describe how and why do we classify network traffic. Where
classification takes place, which classification criteria can be used,
how is the classification associated with packet/frame. How can
packet/frame classification influence it's further processing ?
- Describe the principle of Traffic Policing and Traffic
Shaping and their typical usages.
- What queuing mechanisms do you know ? What are their advantages,
disadvantages and typical usages ?
- Describe the purpose and principle of congestion avoidance using
(Weighted) Random Early Discard.
- Describe the basic steps to implement QoS mechanisms in the
network..
10.
- Describe advantages of multicast transmission. What applications
typically use multicasting ?
- What are characteristics of multicast groups in IP protocol ?
- What addresses are used for multicast groups in IP protocol ?
- Describe the way IP addresses are mapped to respective MAC
addresses. Is the mapping unique ? How is non-uniqueness solved ?
- What is IGMP used for and how it operates ?
- Describe how can switches process multicasts. Explain the
principle of IGMP Snooping technique.
- Describe the usage of multicast distribution tree. Describe
difference between Shortest-Path Tree and Shared Tree. What are
advantages and disadvantages of these tree types ?
- What is a difference between dense and sparse mode of multicast
tree construction ?
- Explain the principle of multicast routing based on Reverse Path
Forwarding.
- What routing protocols for multicast routing do you know ? What
format have records of multicast routing table created as a result of
multicast protocol operation ?
11.
- Explain the function and advantages of Layer 3 switches.
- What are the options of inter-VLAN routing ?
- Describe the principle of Spanning Tree protocol operation.
- Compare characteristics of Rapid Spanning Tree, Common Spanning
Tree, Per-VLAN Spaning Tree a Multi-instance Spanning Tree protocols.